22 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
complications such as ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... : • High Blood ... #nephrology #low
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
aldosterone which does a lot ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... this pathway, ending ... is categorized as
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differential Diagnosis: Causes ... starvation, diabetic) Causes ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Mineralocorticoid excess Causes ... - Salicylates Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
works by directly binding ... intracellular calcium causes ... Hyperkalemia (high ... the same site as ... hypokalemia (or low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based ... algorithm Urine ... diuresis can be high ... Uosm <100): Renal Losses
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary ... Transient K+ efflux moving ... into 3 categories based ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... Classification #Classes
Tinnitus - Objective (can be heard/auscultated) - 10% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vascular - Arterial:
 • Atherosclerosis
Anomaly • Blood flow ... - Venous: • AV ... Shunt • High ... #Tinnitus #Ringing ... #Causes