14 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... renal disease • Granular
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... : - RBC casts ... #causes #urology ... #blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... casts are seen ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
- Differential Diagnosis ... on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... • Upper Urinary ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause ... #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... or leukocyte esterase ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts ... #Microscopy #Urinary
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... ultrasonography, serum calcium ... Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
circulating volume, Urinary ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein