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differential nephrology algorithm management treatment radiology clinical table hematology pulmonary comparison acute hematuria microscopy signs symptoms alkalosis ctchest cxr hyponatremia
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... interpretation #diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic NO cause found in 60% of cases Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin) Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... you confirmed diagnosis ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... simplified #workup #diagnosis
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