21 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... (PTH) Effect in ... Hypercalcemia: ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ) • Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Destruction of parathyroid ... sunlight • Other Causes ... #Algorithm #causes
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... : ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... : ↑↑PTH, ↑Calcium ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Primary hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Drug induced: Calcium ... : Hypoparathyroidism ... #Algorithm #Causes