29 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Comparison #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... : - RBC casts ... #Differential # ... #blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Workup #urology #blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Exercise • Fever ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... Hematuria may be ... #Algorithm #differential
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... Renal #Transplant #differential ... diagnosis #kidney #blood ... #urine #management