38 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Approach to Pediatric Fever ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Peds #Diagnosis #Management ... Algorithm #Infant #Fever
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Exercise • Fever ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
an infant with fever ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin ... #Diagnosis #Management ... Stratification #Fever
Pediatric UTI Algorithm (2-24 months of age)

Risk stratify with UTI Calc: 
 - Age months
- No other fever ... Emergency Medicine Cases ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Management
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... and condenser focus ... protein matrix of casts
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... mortality: 9-14 cases ... sarcoidosis (1/3 of cases ... sarcoidosis (2/3 of cases
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... barns and lake houses ... • Prodrome: fever ... chills, myalgias, nausea ... Hantavirus #diagnosis #management
Summary of Infections in which Steroids play a role in treatment
 • TB meningitis
 • TB
pericarditis (select cases ... Severe typhoid fever ... Indications #infections #management