31 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
investigations and treatments ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... Preparation of the urine ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts
Tumor Lysis Syndrome - Workup and Management

Initial workup: BMP, Serum uric acid, LDH, Urine output, Consider
Lysis Syndrome - Workup ... Management Initial workup ... uric acid, LDH, Urine ... of the above Treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Diagnosis and Treatment ... vast majority of cases ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
• Immunologic Workup ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... life-threatening • Treatment
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... hematuria, RBC casts ... diagnosis #management #treatment