63 results
diagnosis differential nephrology causes management hypokalemia treatment alkalosis hyperkalemia low pathophysiology workup acidosis hematology nongap pharmacology syndrome casts classification complications
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... diet • Blood ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure:
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low blood ... high in kidney ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... PRA: Renal artery
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... PRA: Renal artery
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... Low intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... crystals may indicate metabolic
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... effective arterial blood ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Blood (hemoglobin ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Red blood cells ... used with normal renal ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
- Renal • Urine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic
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