16 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Step by Step Algorithmic ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Management #StepByStep #Algorithm
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
components of the algorithm ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin ... Infant #StepByStep #Algorithm
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... Preparation of the urine ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
Ketones in serum or urine ... therapy in severe cases ... EDKA #Toxicity #Toxicology