92 results
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... Epithelial Cells - Renal ... Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... JoseTesser) #Urine
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... WBCs, or urine ... (proteinuria, RBC ... Nephrology for renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
- PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... resistant #Evaluation #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... dipstick, urine ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC ... - Dysmorphic RBC ... • Nutcracker syndrome
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... Red blood cells (RBC ... used with normal renal ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome: Investigations and Management

#Pulmonary #Renal #Syndrome #Diagnosis #Workup #Management
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome: Investigations ... #Pulmonary #Renal ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Management
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
urethra), stagnant urine ... Malaise, Incr WBC ... CFU/L) Incr WBC ... (>10 WBC/gL) ... (+) Nitrites, Leukocyte
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... - RenalUrine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome