15 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Prolapse • Dilated ... Ventricle/Annulus • Dilated ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
and Left Atrial ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... #Atrial #Thrombus ... #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Myocardial infarction, Dilated ... muscle rupture, Left ... annulus valve: Dilated ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Severe Left Atrial Enlargement on Echocardiogram
Have you ever seen a left atrium this big!?!? 
LA diameter
Severe Left Atrial ... seen a left atrium ... diameter > 7 cm and ... #Severe #Cardiology ... Clinical #POCUS #A4C
Pulse Abnormalities - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unequal/DeIayed:
 • Obstructive arterial disease (ie. Atherosclerosis)
 • Aortic dissection
 •
alternate beats: • Left ... • Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ... Aortic Stenosis ... Pulsus tardus (delayed ... Abnormalities #Disorders #Cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... (a4c) It belongs ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... #left #atrium # ... a4c #Echocardiogram
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... risk factors: cardiomyopathy ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
calcification - Age-related ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... #differential #cardiology
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(2) Lvef 25-30% ... cardiac chambers dilated ... (7) patient in atrial ... Echocardiogram #clinical #cardiology ... #a4c #thrombus
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
left atria, the ... • Digoxin level ... cardioversion 2. ... severe mitral stenosis ... diagnosis #management #cardiology