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diagnosis management pulmonary activetb causes infections latenttb tb tuberculosis abscess aids antibiotic aspergillus betadglucan biomarkers coccidioidomycosis diseases effusion emergencies endocarditis
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary Lung Abscess Etiology: • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
: • 80% have fever ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... Prevotella • Fungal ... Abscess Differential
Approach to Eosinophilic Lung Diseases • Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (< 1 wk) - ~30yo, M; Recent
initiation of smoking; Fever ... brown sputum, fever ... Infectious (Variable) - Fungal ... Travel hx, food hx; Fever ... #diagnosis #comparison
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework Disease by CD4 Count: Any CD4 Count: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
in HIV - Differential ... Pseudomonas FUNGAL ... • Fever, weight ... AIDS #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Infectious: • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Pericardial Effusion - Differential ... Coxiella burnetii • Fungal ... Mediterranean Fever ... - Metastatic: Lung ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology
Causes of Antibiotic Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework Diagnosis: • Non-Infectious: Malignant, Autoimmune, Drug-related (NMS, serotonin syndrome,
Antibiotic Failure - Differential ... bacteria: Viral, Fungal ... (daptomycin in lungs ... • Secondary to Treatment ... SJS, DIHS, drug fever
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
respiratory symptoms • Fever ... infection • Cough, fever ... change in the lungs ... • Isolated fever ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan Beta-D-Glucan: • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi • Pathogens:
Fungal Biomarkers ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... Clav (may be + as long ... post-2010 almost never ... Galactomannan #diagnosis #comparison
Tuberculosis Overview 10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
infection (NTM) • Fungal ... Active TB: • Fever ... and Culture • CXR ... Tuberculosis Treatment ... disease • Check CXR
Tuberculosis Overview 10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
infection (NTM) • Fungal ... Active TB: • Fever ... and Culture • CXR ... Tuberculosis Treatment ... disease • Check CXR
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Neutropenic fever ... : - Fever + ANC ... > 4 days → add fungal ... or HSCT - CRS: fever ... therapy - Symptoms: fever
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