22 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Assess volume status ... - burns - fevers ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Decreased level ... consciousness • No access ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Workup ... thirst, Lack of access ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
symptoms, fever ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... ) • Headache, fever ... Meningitis: • Fever ... #TB #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome ... Cough, Dyspnea, Fever ... symptomatology Differential ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Lemierre's Syndrome on Neck POCUS with IJ Thrombosis - Transverse View

Male with high fever and right
on Neck POCUS with ... Male with high fever ... Differential/diagnosis ... On ultrasound note ... #Clinical #Ultrasound
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... • Exercise • Fever ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
to Headaches - Differential ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... and signs (e.g., fever ... #Headache #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Hippel-Lindau Syndrome ... Carcinoma - Abscess ... - Fever and leukocytosis ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology ... #Differential #