11 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Heart failure, liver ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Causes #neurology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Renal Failure • Liver ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... #Pharmacology #
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... failure PBC Signs ... or higher • Liver
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Muscles, Kidneys, Liver ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI - Liver ... → Syncope • Signs ... tissue damage (AKI, Liver
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver ... Low phosphorus level ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Occurs in advanced liver ... hepatitis, or acute liver ... • Definitive: Liver ... Treat underlying liver ... • Urgent liver
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... amyloidosis) • Liver ... chemotherapy, nausea ... #nephrology #oncology