12 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
#Syndromes #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Algorithm Unprovoked ... Traumatic brain injury ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #neurology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Heart failure, liver ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
to Acute Kidney Injury ... AKI) What to ask ... - TTE/liver fxn? ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Muscles, Kidneys, Liver ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI - Liver ... → Syncope • Signs ... tissue damage (AKI, Liver
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Symptoms and signs ... Pain reported at level ... #neurology #differential ... #algorithm
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... anterior/posterior MSK ... heart (2-5%), liver ... #Management #Signs