29 results
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholestatic Liver ... Disease: Primary ... Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary ... Cholangitis #pathophysiology ... #pbc #psc #hepatology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
IBD • Chronic liver ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Diagnosis Algorithm Symptoms ... Associated history: Symptoms ... Liver biopsy findings ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Highest • Bone • Liver ... Most common symptoms ... disease - Bone symptoms ... - Drugs - Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Acute Fatty Liver ... Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... #Pregnancy #hepatology ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... malignancy #Primary ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone: • Liver ... lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... • Low-grade fever ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... physical: - Symptoms ... addisons #disease #endocrinology