51 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
IBD • Chronic liver ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Rheumatologic symptoms ... gastrointestinal 4) Primary ... Increased protein level ... normal glucose level ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology
Pharmacologic treatment algorithms by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade. Highlighted boxes and arrows
Pharmacologic treatment ... indicate preferred treatment ... the perceived level ... of symptoms and
The Gastroenterology Consult Primer
Guide to Calling a GI Consult
HPI:
 - Start with reason for consult
Gastroenterology Consult Primer ... I-liner summary - Symptoms ... Focus on prior GI/Liver ... last meal - Treatment ... Consultation #GIConsult #Primer
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone: • Liver ... lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... cystitis, may have fever ... infection, such as fever ... Pathophysiology: ... data • Early treatment
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

Stress ulcerations are common in ICU patients and may lead to hemorrhage if not
prophylaxis for primary ... ulceration or treatment ... distinct from, primary ... hospitalization) • Pathophysiology ... #criticalcare #pharmacology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... • Low-grade fever ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... physical: - Symptoms ... addisons #disease #endocrinology