67 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... clinical context and signs ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... #nephrology #causes
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
retraction (Collier's sign ... → "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... Parinauds #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pineal #neurology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... acidosis, DKA Kidney Disease ... CKD Increased Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... Parinauds #syndrome #neurology ... #diagnosis
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
Multi-system autoimmune disease ... skin thickening Signs ... #rheumatology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #testing #workup
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Clinical: • Disease ... Constitutional: Fever ... exertion • Neurologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Cough, Dyspnea, Fever ... Differential Diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... #nephrology #renal
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- TTE/liver fxn? ... protein/Cr - Renal ... disease — 21% ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm