21 results
Hydronephrosis Grading
Grade I - Pelviectasis 
Grade II - Caliectasis (Major Calyces)
Grade III - Caliectasis (Minor Calyces)
Grade
Hydronephrosis Grading ... Thinning - POCUS ... Hydronephrosis #Grading ... #grades #nephrology ... radiology #ultrasound #pocus
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Water and solute loading ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm

Not the "classic" Volume based approach. 

#Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Nephrology #UOsm
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Hyperammonemia - Differential ... bleeding (↑ nitrogen loading ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal osmotic gradient ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tourniquet while drawing ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
common cause, leading ... angular gyrus (the reading ... Pathophysiology: ... Agraphia #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Renal Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

Normal Kidneys
Image Acquisition
Landmarks
Hydronephrosis Grading

#POCUS #RENAL #nephrology #diagnosis
Care Ultrasound (POCUS ... Hydronephrosis Grading ... #POCUS #RENAL ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
blood vessels, leading ... Medication #Causes #Differential ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology