20 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
X-rays useful tor stone ... obstruction - Able ... causes of flank ... Combines calcific stone ... causes of obstruction
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Painful: suggests calculi ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... #Differential #Algorithm
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... Injury, Tumor Localization
Pyonephrosis with large renal calculus on POCUS
Acute left flank pain with nausea and vomiting. What's the
Pyonephrosis with large renal ... calculus on POCUS ... flank pain with nausea ... calculus. ... #renal #ultrasound
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
pathology (e.g. strokes ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Eric Strong https ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
staghorn or large calculus ... overwhelms the renal ... Uric acid stone ... These mutations cause ... flankpain #PCN #calculus
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... Eric Strong https ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Metabolic • Renal ... Sclerosis • Stroke ... #causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
hypokalemia - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... Eric Strong https ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Familial renal ... Eric Strong https ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes