76 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuretics, and ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... diuretic use), ... #differential #
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #classes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Causes #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Diuretics, Recovery
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... #differential # ... nephrology #magnesium #low