16 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Magnesium #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... hypertonic Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... contracted • Loop ... diuretics / Bartter's ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases