21 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Magnesium #Table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... resistance • Metabolic ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... differential #diagnosis #table
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unilateral On Audiogram -
Hearing Loss: • Metabolic ... Causes: Thyroid ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... Diuretics) • ... #Causes