91 results
diagnosis differential causes nephrology management hypokalemia potassium treatment alkalosis classification workup acidosis endocrinology pathophysiology table hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia criticalcare high hyponatremia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... syndrome (mimics loop
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... failure Hypervolemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide)
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
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