35 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... fibrosis • Remote diuretic ... resistant: • Current diuretic ... #Alkalosis #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... the indicated causes ... #urine #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... • Thiazide or loop ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... loads (ammonium chloride ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Adenoma • Remote Diuretics ... - Loop or Thiazides ... - Loop or Thiazides ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Causes #nephrology