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diagnosis causes nephrology hypokalemia low management treatment endocrinology metabolic alkalosis hyperkalemia hypomagnesemia pharmacology abdominal cardiology chf chloride criticalcare foamed heartfailure
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
use in acute heart ... (B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... diuretics, and ... syndrome (mimics loop ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... excretion • Acute ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
starvation - Acute ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... - Potassium depletion ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... , Potassium depletion ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
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