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diagnosis nephrology causes management hypokalemia potassium hypercalcemia hyponatremia low drugs hypomagnesemia malignancy medications rhabdomyolysis table urine acute alkalosis associated cardiology
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Causes #differential
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... therapy (loop diuretics ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... Acute #Chronic #treatment
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... #Endocrinology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... diuretics ... #Medications #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #Differential #
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