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diagnosis nephrology management hypokalemia hyponatremia low pharmacology hypomagnesemia medications potassium acute alkalosis cardiology chf chloride diffuse diuresis diuretics drugs heartfailure
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... as no effect on sodium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... #Differential #
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... diuretics ... #Medications #differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
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