52 results
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... blood pressure; HF ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Acetazolamide, Loop ... diuretics, MRA, ... #Pharmacology #Comparison ... HalfLife #Dosing #Loop ... #Thiazide #CHF
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Classification #Causes
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm

CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction
SIADH - Fluid restriction
 - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm ... CHF, Cirrhosis ... consider adding loop ... diuretic Reset ... -> free water diuresis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics