26 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Pharmacology of diuretics ... diuretics, Thiazide‐like ... diuretics, MRA, ... Absorption #Diuretics ... #Pharmacology #Comparison
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... kidney disease, Loop ... Diuretics, Recovery ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Diuretics) (Bumetanide ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... diuretics - Aminoglycosides ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Hypercalcemia - ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... Treatment #algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #Algorithm #Management
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential