16 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Adenoma • Remote Diuretics ... - Loop or Thiazides ... - Loop or Thiazides ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... #Euglycemic #Diabetic ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Feedback Loop: Growth ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Tinnitus - Subjective (heard only by patient) - 90% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unilateral On Audiogram -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hearing Loss: • Metabolic ... Propranolol, Levodopa, Loop ... Diuretics) • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm