18 results
nephrology differential causes management hyperkalemia algorithm high low metabolic hypomagnesemia medications pharmacology rhabdomyolysis urine acidosis aniongap chloride classification diuresis diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , nasogastric suction ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... GI losses (NG suction ... • Discontinued diuretic ... nephrology #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... excretion: • ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
, ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... • ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... (IV loop diuretic ... #Treatment #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Non-reabsorbable anion ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... diuretics after ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
- Nasogastric suction ... - Potassium depletion ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... diuretics - Aminoglycosides ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
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