24 results
Pharmacokinetics of commonly used diuretics medications in CKD, Cirrhotic Ascites, and Heart Failure
 • Furosemide
 •
commonly used diuretics ... Spironolactone MCW Nephrology ... #pharmacology # ... Pharmacokinetics #halflife #comparison ... #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion ... loop #thiazide #classes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Causes