17 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes management metabolic hypokalemia potassium hyponatremia pathophysiology syndrome workup cardiorenal chloride diuretics epilepticus excretion framework gitelman hyperkalemia
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Ingestion Renal ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
• Increased renal ... blood flow • ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... activities • Diuretic ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or Low ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
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