45 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses Non-renal ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Potassium #Table
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... (if preserved renal ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... • Acute renal ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia
 • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
 • Patiromer (veltassa)
 •
Potassium Binders ... Management of Hyperkalemia ... • SPS - Sodium ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology