910 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... transfusion • Tumor lysis ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... release due to cell lysis ... reaction - Tumor lysis ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... release due to cell lysis ... reaction - Tumor lysis ... #high #nephrology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis ... TLS) Tumor Cell Lysis ... -> Allantoin (High ... Ca-Phos nephropathy (high
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Rapid tumor lysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
Tumor Lysis Syndrome - Workup and Management

Initial workup: BMP, Serum uric acid, LDH, Urine output, Consider
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... ≥ 8 mg/dL • Potassium ... transfer • Tumor lysis ... #TLS #Tumor #Lysis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis ... immature blasts and high ... rasburicase Tumor Lysis ... Pathophysiology: Lysis ... Spontaneous if high
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Mechanisms - Tumor lysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #High
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
exercise, fasting, high-carb ... - low TSH with high ... fT4 or high T3 ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
ALL patients - High ... measures fail - Potassium ... oxalate food - Potassium ... alkalinisation: potassium ... alkalinization: potassium