25 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome ... cell tumor with high ... tumor burden & metabolic ... demand causes hypoglycemia ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... 0.8 Normal + High ... of High Anion Gap ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... dissipation of metabolic ... Excessive insulation, high ... #Hyperthermia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Hypertension - Differential ... based on repeat clinic ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... urinary losses: • High ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology