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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm causes management urology treatment workup acute aki atlas crystals dipstick fever glomerular glucosuria hypokalemia infectiousdiseases injury
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... : - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... microscopy. ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... • Diarrhea A urine ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
, proteinuria, hematuria ... : UA, Urine protein ... reveals increasing blood ... or gross hematuria ... , RBC casts, low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology
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