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diagnosis differential hypernatremia adh ebv effects hypotonic hypovolemia k lactated lr management normal ns osmolality pharmacology physiologic potassium potomania raas
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... mechanism 2) Volume ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Volume Based Approach ... to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Algorithm UOsm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, ... Renal insufficiency ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... • Renal Failure ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
body water in comparison ... in renal failure ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... in the renal tubules
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... blood flow and ... • Saline May Cause
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... ) • Optimize volume ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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