22 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #causes #low #potassium
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Potassium Channel Blockers - Medications
1. Cardiovascular Drugs
2. Psychiatric drugs
3. Other drugs
4. Synthetic opioids: Levomethadyl 
5. Opium
Potassium Channel ... Blockers - Medications ... ChannelBlockers #Medications ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Pharmacology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... pressure: - Cl ... secretion - Cl ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
ileal conduit - Medications ... Multiple myeloma, CML ... , AML - Large ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... #hyperkalemia #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs ... #pharmacology #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... of sodium and potassium