9 results
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
disease; CRT, cardiac ... ; HFrEF, heart failure ... ventricular hypertrophy; MCS ... #CHF #Congestive ... Algorithm #Management #Cardiology
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
failing as a pump; cardiac ... CHF also causes ... #Pharmacology #CHF ... #Medications #Action ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
Preserved Ejection Fraction ... cardiovascular causes ... , aborted cardiac ... Spironolactone #HFpEF ... #dCHF #Cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Reduced Ejection Fraction ... → no signs of CXR ... Consider cardiac ... diagnosis #management #cardiology ... #pharmacology #
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... Summary Cardiac ... #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... phase O of the cardiac ... #cardiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... lack of acute cardiac ... ischemic changes CXR ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology