11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Differential # ... potassium #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... #phosphate #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... classes, including a diuretic ... with previously stable ... and metabolic alkalosis