33 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
, Pathophysiology ... and Differential ... #Pathophysiology ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Lymphoma: NHL, CML ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology Summary ... agent • Does not cause ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... #Pharmacology #Summary ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Myeloid Leukemia (CML ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Torsades de Pointes (TdP): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by PVC in the setting
TdP #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes ... #differential
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... Multiple myeloma, CML ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... and Management Summary ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #causes #treatment