23 results
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
and Management Summary ... • Periodontal disease ... Pathophysiology ... Differential Diagnosis ... #pulmonary #differential
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Severe liver disease ... #Summary #DM2 #
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... and Management Summary ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... CMC_IM #Potts #Disease ... Diagnosis #Management #Summary
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... Summary Mechanisms ... atherosclerotic heart disease ... Contraindications: eGFR < 30 mL ... #Summary #DM2 #
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Hemoptysis - Differential ... Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL ... in 24h Airway disease ... Necrotizing PNA, Abscess ... #Hemoptysis #Differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Endocarditis Summary ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... suggests perivalvular abscess ... annular or aortic abscess ... Complications: Abscess
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... but elevated as disease ... bile ducts Differential ... , IgG4 related disease
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... sIL-2R >2400 Ul/ml ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Adult-onset Still disease ... management #treatment #summary
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
decompensated liver disease ... Multiple myeloma, CML ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential