645 results
Intrinsic Renal Disease - Differential Diagnosis
Vascular:
 • Macrovascular: Renal artery occlusion, Fibromuscular disease
 • Microvascular: TTP/HUS,
HTN, Vasculitis Glomerular ... , Amyloidosis, MPGN ... • Nephritic: RPGN ... , IgA, Alport, MPGN
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Glomerulonephritis (MPGN ... formation along glomerular ... Complement-Mediated MGPN ... , CFHR5 neph) MPGN ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
Glomerulonephritis (RPGN ... with evidence of glomerular ... immune deposits in glomeruli ... post-infectious GN Anti-Glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #RPGN
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
of acute kidney injury ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Algorithms 1) Normal Glomerulus ... by LM 2) Glomerular
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
Spectrum of Glomerular ... Mechanism: • Injury ... formation #Glomerular
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
• Calculi Glomerular ... benign sediment (injury ... epithelial side of glomerular ... active sediment (injury ... ) proteinuria (injury
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework 
Pre-Renal
Post-Renal
Intrinsic Renal:
 • Tubules (ATN)
 • Glomerular:
of Acute Kidney Injury ... Tubules (ATN) • Glomerular
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Acute tubular injury ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... acute tubular injury
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
Induced Kidney Injury ... therapy • Osmotic injury ... agents • Crystal Injury ... Vitamin C • Glomerular ... Toxic tubular injury