11 results
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Malignant ... Biliary Cirrhosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hepatology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Portal ... - Hepatic: • Cirrhosis ... Protein-rich: • Malignancy ... #Algorithm #Hepatology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... pathology • Malignancy ... heart failure • Cirrhosis ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... pathology • Malignancy ... heart failure • Cirrhosis ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Algorithm Hypovolemic ... underlying cause (CHF, cirrhosis ... Solute Intake - Primary ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... water intake (Primary ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Vaginal dryness • Primary ... biliary cirrhosis ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... and Arthritis Malignancy ... #Management
Refractory Ascites - Ascites that cannot be mobilized or early recurrence that cannot be prevented
Diuretic Resistant:
kg over 4 days, Urinary ... sodium < intake ... Refractory #Ascites #diagnosis ... #management #algorithm ... #treatment #hepatology