13 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... RBC turnover • Iron ... • Hemolytic anemia ... End-stage renal disease ... #Increase #Decrease
Causes of Hyperferritinemia - Differential Diagnosis
Ferritin > 1000
Ferritin is the storage form of iron. Increased hepcidin
Increased hepcidin ... Check the iron saturation ... of elevated ferritin ... Sideroblastic anemia ... extreme ferritin elevation
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
MCH, MCHC, Serum Iron ... Reticulocytes • Iron ... Disease • Marrow ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... ) Laboratory findings ... Leukopenia (though increased ... immature forms) • Anemia ... thrombocytopenia • Elevated
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
• Hemolytic Anemias ... - Pernicious anemia ... deficiency - Iron ... Idiosyncratic LDH Elevation ... differential #diagnosis #Laboratory
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory ... hallmark for the disease ... Mild-to-moderate decrease ... result in severe anemia ... Mild-to-moderate elevation
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... conditions) • Severe iron ... deficiency anemia ... overdrive • Elevated ... • Increased risk
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
presentations and disease ... Causes of elevated ... - assess other laboratory ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... #typea #typeb #classification
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... • Pernicious anemia ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Neurologic: - Increased ... intracranial pressure - Elevated
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
fibrinogen • Elevated ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... venipuncture sites Laboratory ... • Severe Liver Disease ... Treat primary cause