20 results
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Erythrocytosis) - Differential ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Erythropoietin, O2 Saturation ... Secreting Tumor - O2 Saturation ... Hemoglobin - O2 Saturation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... SaO2 - percent saturation ... of hypoxia) - Low ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Reticulocyte Production ... x (Hct / 45) / Maturation ... Factor The maturation ... approximately how ... hematology #anemia #differential
Erythropoiesis (RBC Production and Maturation)

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell → Proerythroblast (a.k.a. pronormoblast) → Erythroblast (a.k.a. normoblast)
Erythropoiesis (RBC Production ... and Maturation) ... Erythropoiesis #RBC #Production ... #Maturation #hematology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
proliferation and maturation ... Ducts -> Milk production ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Causes of Falsely Low Oxygen Saturation - Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 
 • Motion
 • Low
Causes of Falsely Low ... Oxygen Saturation ... • Motion • Low ... #Oxygen #Saturation ... PaO2 #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Increased Cell Production ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Ascaris lumbricoides - Ascariasis Life Cycle
1) Adults in small intestine
2) Fertilized egg - Unfertilized egg (will
Maturation proceeds ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc #parasite
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
1.39 ml/g sO2 = % saturation ... concentration How ... apples = Hb O₂ saturation ... How quickly you ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
  A. Low cardiac output states
  B. Environmental exposure (cold)
Differential Diagnosis ... Low cardiac output ... Redistribution of blood flow ... arterial oxygen saturation ... #Cyanosis #Differential