22 results
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
1.39 ml/g sO2 = % saturation ... concentration How ... = Hb O₂ saturation ... How quickly you ... Delivery #Equation #pathophysiology
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Erythrocytosis) - Differential ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Erythropoietin, O2 Saturation ... Secreting Tumor - O2 Saturation ... Hemoglobin - O2 Saturation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... SaO2 - percent saturation ... of hypoxia) - Low ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Reticulocyte Production ... x (Hct / 45) / Maturation ... Factor The maturation ... approximately how ... hematology #anemia #differential
Erythropoiesis (RBC Production and Maturation)

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell → Proerythroblast (a.k.a. pronormoblast) → Erythroblast (a.k.a. normoblast)
Erythropoiesis (RBC Production ... and Maturation) ... Erythropoiesis #RBC #Production ... #Maturation #hematology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
proliferation and maturation ... Ducts -> Milk production ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Causes of Falsely Low Oxygen Saturation - Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 
 • Motion
 • Low
Causes of Falsely Low ... Oxygen Saturation ... • Motion • Low ... #Oxygen #Saturation ... PaO2 #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Increased Cell Production ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Ascaris lumbricoides - Ascariasis Life Cycle
1) Adults in small intestine
2) Fertilized egg - Unfertilized egg (will
Maturation proceeds ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc #parasite
Inflammatory mechanism of asthma. 
Airway epithelial cells exposed to activation stimuli, including allergens, viruses, and irritants,
switching and maturation ... metaplasia and mucus production ... #asthma #pathophysiology