27 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... juvenile distal RTA ... proximal features and high ... #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... ) Type 1 Totally ... #Type1 #Distal ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Negative U net charge High ... Cell Problem - High ... TTKG • RTA Type ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Proximal and distal RTA ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Proximal RTA (type ... (type I) B ... #nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Hypocitraturia • RTA ... Type I • High ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal RTA ... , Distal RTA, DKA
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
• They can cause ... Cryoglobulins Cause ... - 10% SLE or RA ... Types: • Type ... #classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Type 2 Diabetes ... with DM2 • High ... • Secondary Causes ... Endocrinopathies (Cushing Syndrome ... algorithm #DM2 #DMII #Classification